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what is internet

what is internet

Internet is a collection of networks or network of networks that connect computers all over the world. A common form of Internet is a collection of LANs connected by a WAN through suitable hardware and software to work in a seamless manner. Internet provides various applications such as e-mail; file transfer, remote log-in, World Wide Web, Multimedia, etc run across the internet. It is evolving into the information superhighway of the future. Using internet, organizations can exchange data, people can communicate with each other in a faster and effective way all over the world. With the help of video conferencing over the internet, it has become possible that people can even see each other while they are communicating. Even one can purchase all his shopping sitting back at home. He does not bother to visit crowded market place for wasting his valuable time. Gradually, shopkeepers are also interested to go for electronic commerce which provides them greater reach, faster and better ways to do business over the internet.

History of Internet

The foundation of the Internet began in 1969, when the US Department of Defense created ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Administration Network), with one computer at California and three at Utah. ARPANET was a project to allow military personnel to communicate with each other in an emergency. ARPANET was developed with a view to enable academic and researchers to communicate by e-mail and to share data. ARPANET quickly grew to encompass the entire American continent and became a huge success. Every institution in the country wanted to become a part of ARPANET. So the network was broken into two smaller parts one is MILNET for managing military sites and the other one ARPANET (smaller) for managing non-military sites. Around 1980, NSFNET (National Science Foundation Network) was created. With the advancement of modern communication facilities, other computers were also allowed to be linked up with any computer of NSFNET. The early Internet was used by computer experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians. There was nothing user friendly about it. The Internet is not owned by a single authority and it has no headquarter. Finally in 1980 Internet was available for use by the general public. After that The Internet is expanding very fast. By 2011, the number of Internet users worldwide reached 2 billion over one quarter of the world's population.

Advantages of Internet

The Internet makes it possible for us to communicate in various ways and enables exchange of information. The most common things that we can see around us today are as follows are:

Information Resources
Information is the biggest advantage that Internet offers. You can get information on almost any subject by searching the web. The search engines like Google, Yahoo are at your service on the Internet. There is a huge amount of information available on the Internet for just about every subject known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical support, the list is simply endless.

Faster Communication
The foremost target of Internet has always been speedy communication and it has excelled way beyond the expectations. Now, you can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. For more personal and interactive communication, you can avail the facilities of chat services, video conferencing and so on. Electronic mail is the most widely used computer network application.

Online Services
Internet has made life very convenient. With numerous online services you can now perform all your transactions online. You can buy or sell products, reserve tickets, hotel reservations, transfer funds, pay utility bills, taxes etc. and right from your home.

Marketing and sales
Computer networks are used extensively in both marketing and sales organizations. Marketing professionals use them to collect, exchange, and analyze data related to customer needs and product development cycles. Sales application includes teleshopping, online-reservation services for hotels, airlines and so on.

Financial services
Today's financial services are totally depended on computer networks. Application includes credit history searches, foreign exchange and investment services, and electronic fund transfer, which allow user to transfer money without going into a bank (an automated teller machine is an example of electronic fund transfer, automatic pay-check is another).

Teleconferencing
Teleconferencing allows conference to occur without the participants being in the same place. Different types of equipment‟s are used for video conferencing depending on what quality of the motion you want to capture (whether you want just to see the face of other fellow participants or do you want to see the exact facial expression).

Voice over IP
Computer networks are also used to provide voice communication. This kind of voice communication is pretty cheap as compared to the normal telephonic conversation.

Access to Internet
Internet access refers to the means by which users connect to the Internet. The Common methods of internet access include dial-up, landline (over coaxial cable, fiber optic or copper wires), Broadband wireless access, Tlines, Wi-Fi, satellite and cell phones.

There are five types of internet connections which are as follows:
(i) Dial up Connection
(ii) Leased Connection
(iii) DSL connection
(iv) Cable Modem Connection
(iv) VSAT

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